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          | Basic Concepts and Recommendations: 
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          | Die Cushion Tonnage | 
         
         
          | The die cushions R.H.F. (ring holding force) should 
            be equal to10-20% of press' rated tonnage. | 
         
         
          | Die Cushion Stroke | 
         
         
          | Die cushion stroke is usually equal to 50% of press' 
            stroke.  | 
         
         
          | Press Bed Opening | 
         
         
          | Die cushion assembly has to fit inside press bed opening. | 
         
         
          | Press Bed Height | 
         
         
          | Total die cushion assembly height including any plumbing 
            has to be less that total press bed height unless there is a pit underneath 
            the press. | 
         
         
          | Die Cushion Mounting | 
         
         
          | Die cushions can be mounted to the bolster or to the 
            press bed. Mounting type depends on the size of the assembly, if press 
            bed has any existing ledges or bosses, ease of installation and cost. | 
         
         
          | Additonal Features | 
         
         
          | An array of additional options that die cushion can 
            have include: special size pin pads, J.I.C. wear strips or pads, centralized 
            external greasing system, raised pin pads with or without slug chute, 
            hydraulic or air-exhaust hold-down during the stroke (for redrawing) 
            or at the bottom of the stroke, die cushion position control, die 
            cushion controlled return, tonnage control throughout the stroke, 
            die cushion synchronizing, deceleration of return stroke. | 
         
       
      
      
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